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PSY 530 Final Project Milestone Two: Similarities and Differences Table Learning Aid
Your Classic Study: Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility
Your More Recent Study: the volunteer’s dilemma explains the bystander effect
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| Classic and Modern Study Questions | Responses for Classic Study | Responses for Modern Study | Similarities and Differences Between Your Two Responses |
| Citation for studies in APA style | Darley, J. M., & Latane, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4, Pt.1), 377-383. | Campos-Mercade, P. (2021). The volunteer’s dilemma explains the bystander effect. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 186, 646-661 | N/A |
| What is the research question or hypothesis in this study? | The authors hypothesized that “the more bystanders to an emergency, the less likely, or the more slowly, any one bystander will intervene to provide aid” (Darley & Latane, 1986). | The research question in this study is whether or not the bystander effect can be explained by the volunteer’s dilemma. | Both articles are studying the bystander effect and how people react towards it. |
| Name two studies referenced in this article that greatly contributed to the main theme of this article. | 1.Daniels LR, Berkowitz L. Liking and Response to Dependency Relationships. Human Relations. 1963;16(2):141-148. 2. Berkowitz, L., Klanderman, S. B., & Harris, R. (1964). Effects of Experimenter Awareness and Sex of Subject and Experimenter on Reactions to Dependency Relationship. Sociometry, 27(3), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785622 | 1. Archetti M. (2011). A strategy to increase cooperation in the volunteer’s dilemma: reducing vigilance improves alarm calls. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 65(3), 885–892. | In my opinion, both studies had many different articles that helped influenced the main subject of the study |
| What type of research method was used in this study? Correlation? Experiment? | The study by Darley and Latane is an empirical study that uses an experiment to study the bystander effect. | The study by Campos-Mercade is a theoretical study that uses game theory to explain the bystander effect. | Both studies had their own methods used. |
| Were the measures used in your study reliable and valid? Explain. | The results of the study were consistent with the predictions of the model. | The measures used in the Campos-Mercade study are reliable and valid. The study used a game theoretic model to investigate the bystander effect | Both studies had their own measures used. |
| What were the main results/conclusions in this study? | People are less likely to help someone in need if there are others around. | Bystanders in larger groups will help later on and are less likely to actually help. | Individuals are less likely to help in an emergency situation if they believe that there are others who are better equipped to deal with the situation. |
| Did this study have ethical problems? If so, name them. | The study did not have any ethical problems. | The study did not have any ethical problems. | None. |
| How does this research help improve people’s social well- being/social welfare? | The research helps to improve social well-being by providing insight into how people respond in emergencies | The findings suggest that people are more likely to help if they feel personally responsible for the situation. | The research can help to improve social welfare by informing interventions that aim to increase bystander intervention in emergencies. |
| What influence did this study have on the everyday lives of people in society? | People were less likely to help someone in need if there were other people around. This study helped to explain why the bystander effect occurs, and how it can be prevented. | The bystander effect can be explained by the volunteer’s dilemma, which is when people are less likely to help someone in need if they think that someone else will do it. This study helps to explain how the bystander effect can be prevented in future situations. | I was already aware of the bystander effect. These two articles were great examples of how people really act. |
| How has this study changed the way you view the world? Did this study affect you personally? | This study also made me more aware of the importance of bystander intervention in preventing crime and helping those in need. | This study has made me more aware of the bystander effect and the diffusion of responsibility. I am now more likely to take action in an emergency situation if I see someone in need of help | Both articles were a great read, it was interesting to know that many people would not help if there are a lot of people around. With how I was raised and who I am, I would help someone in need no matter who was around. So nothing has really changed for me personally. |
Notes and Further Discussion:
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