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Nurs fpx 8024 Assessment 2 Global Issue Investigation Global Issue Investigation Student name Capella University NURS-FPX8024
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The international health issues still remain a burning challenge in a world that is becoming more and more interdependent, with pandemics and health disparities cross-border and requiring some concerted effort. The problem of mental health among humanitarian groups is a topical issue in the modern world (Kemmak et al., 2021). The evaluation is based on the way the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) react to the international health issues with particular attention to the mental health and trauma services of refugees and displaced communities. Through the analysis of the approaches of certain international NGOs, interventions and the broad social determinants of the issue, the review informs about strengths, weaknesses and opportunities of culturally responsible and sustainable approaches to the issue of refugee mental health. Description of the Problem The level of forced displacement has been high. In 2024, there were 123.2 million forcibly displaced people in the whole world, 42.7 million of which are refugees. By April 2025, the total displacement will be more than 122 million, and the global requirement of mental-health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) is evident (UNHCR, 2024). Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress levels (PTSD) among refugees are significantly higher than the host communities. A meta-analysis of 2024 estimated pooled prevalence of 36, 36, and 35 percent of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in refugees, respectively (Chatarajupalli and Lindert, 2024). Raised depression, anxiety, PTSD, and suicide risk are also characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2025) in the refugee and migrant population. The increased rate of people with mental disorders requires actions to be taken in order to solve the problem. The displacement cuts across the board. Hosting is also targeted: by the end-2024, Iran, Türkiye, Colombia, Germany, and Uganda were home to approximately 37 percent of the population of refugees and others who need protection all over the world. The wars in Sudan, Syria, Afghanistan, Myanmar, and Ukraine drive enormous migrations (UNHCR, 2024b). Refugees are resettled in upper-middle, lower-middle, and low-income nations, most of which have a deficit in resources and expert trauma services are uncommon; least-developed countries host nearly a quarter of all refugees (UNHCR, 2024c). The access is further reduced by structural barriers, language, legal status, stigmatization, cost, and the lack of culturally competent services, even in the high-income setting, as demonstrated by recent umbrella/scoping reviews (Dumke et al., 2024). The combination of all the factors results in negative consequences of refugees. The scale was facilitated by the fact that in 2023, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and partners could deliver MHPSS to approximately 1.3 million people, but this number does not imply that all of them receive treatment as required. The continuity of coverage and care is threatened by the continued funding constraints (UNHCR, n.d.). Mental-health needs of refugees are widespread, severe, and inequitably served, as they are in countries with the lowest resources. The problem must be tackled through prolonged, culture-focused MHPSS introduced to primary healthcare, building up of host country systems, and cross-ministerial cooperation to dismantle access obstacles and fill the treatment gap. Social Determinants that Impact the Problem The worst affected groups during displacement are refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and vulnerable members of host population. By 2024, more than 120 million people have been displaced globally, with many residing in the chronic crisis conditions or camps, where mental health interventions remain limited in quantity (UNHCR, n.d.-a). The burden of the categories is greatest in women, children, older adults, and people with long-term health conditions. Some of the key factors that lead to poor mental health among the displaced are socioeconomic problems such as poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, disrupted education, and overcrowded living conditions. There is evidence supporting that both of the issues are strongly associated with much higher risks of depression, PTSD, and anxiety, and socioeconomic disadvantage at the time of resettlement predicts worse long-term outcomes (Kirkbride et al., 2024). Combination of cash transfer, livelihood, and exposure to education have been demonstrated to reduce the symptoms of mental illness in both field research and trials. There are also cultural aspects that affect care access. Social stigma of mental illness, reliance on somatic expression of distress and distrust of official providers of care often hinder treatment. The review confirms that language discord, definitions of sickness, which are shared culturally, and lack of trust in services are important obstacles to evidence-based care (Kemmak et al., 2021). The geography and environment are some of the factors that enhance inequities. The highest rates of mental health disorders are registered in populations of conflict-affected regions, such as the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, and South Asia, but the service density is the lowest. The rural environment is also characterized by climate shocks, fragile infrastructure, and shortage of personnel, which contribute to the lack of needs (WHO, 2022). Finally, the political context is the most important. Countries that have poor governance, restrictive asylum policies or lack of access to humanitarian services, often fail to implement mental health action plans. Conversely, countries that encompass mental health and psychosocial assistance into the multisectoral humanitarian interventions achieve broader coverage and more successful results. Nongovernment Funding Organization Involvement Heartland Alliance International (HAI) The target population of HAI is that of refugees, torture victims, and displaced individuals in weak or war-torn settings, especially in parts of the Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Heartland Alliance International approaches mental health in combination with psychosocial support as a part of health and human rights initiatives by creating trauma services based in communities, offering one-on-one and group therapy, and training local practitioners in trauma-informed care (Heartland Alliance International, 2025). Program reports and evaluations show that a reduction of the symptoms and service utilization by the survivors of violence and the displaced populations are observed, which is additional evidence that MHPSS integration into health and community systems increases accessibility in humanitarian settings. However, extreme psychiatric patients are
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